Sharia 經常站著不動在電視機前呆住，家人叫她的名字一遍又一遍，但她沒有回應，似乎不知道她周圍的世界。
家人起初以為她是聽覺受損，語言發育緩慢。後來，當Sharia滿兩歲時，被診斷患有自閉症。
Sharia接受了語言、職業和行為治療，對她有些幫助，但溝通能力仍然有很大的障礙。
Sharia沒有言語能力，無法溝通她的需要，常會用哭鬧來表達自己。
2010, 蘋果發布了iPad.
Sharia 開始使用iPad時，只是用它來看電影和玩遊戲。不久後，她的治療師訓練她使用iPad的一些APP應用軟件來幫助她造句，溝通她的需求，如“我要Dora卡通片”。
Sharia的父親Siddiqui和CNN分享他女兒的故事時表示：“iPad給了她從未有過的操控感，她知道她並不需要哭鬧，而可以觸摸iPad的APP來表達自己。”
Dr. Oliver Wendt，美國普渡大學語言和聽力科學系教授表示：“我覺得iPad為溝通輔助領域帶來革命性的改變。這是一個非常具有成本效益的解決方案。在此之前，我們只有些價格昂貴，體積龐大的器材，現在可以用一個iPad來取代。“
之前使用的器材可能花上9,000美元至15,000美元。
Martha Herbert，美國馬薩諸塞州總醫院在波士頓哈佛醫學院的一名兒科神經學家表示：“使用iPad自閉症APP可以讓自閉症患者繞過他們在溝通中有許多困難。“
總部設在新加坡的 Hearty SPIN （和諧心社會企業),不久前發布了全球首一專為輔助患有自閉症者與他人溝通所設計的中文APP應用軟件：圖片溝通輔助APP（Picure AAC app) 。這是iPad/iPhone iOS 平台全球首一的中文自閉症APP應用軟件。
圖片溝通輔助APP（英文版）已在全球多過15個國家使用，包括美國、加拿大、英國、捷克、 新加坡、澳大利亞等。
Hearty SPIN 和諧心企業的行政總裁KhengWah Koh 表示:”在給自閉症小孩自己使用iPad前，必須有系統化地訓練小孩如何以適當的APP來溝通自己的需求、 情緒及學習其他的技能。不要無控制地讓小孩把iPad當遊戲機。“
圖片溝通輔助APP能幫助語言障礙者建立實用的溝通技巧，有效地與他人溝通，並訓練及促進他們的語言發展。
Phoebe Tucker, 美國一名語言治療師表示:“Steve Jobs 創建的iPad 提供了孤獨症小孩言語能力。“
Sharia 的父親Siddiqui 說：“我經常告訴我的妻子iPad前的Sharia 和iPad後的Sharia 判若兩人。這是非常顯著的。”
(CNN) -- Sharia stood immobile in front of the television, transfixed by its images, unaware of the world around her. Her family called her name over and over again, but she did not respond. It was that moment when they knew something was wrong.
Initially, they thought it was a hearing problem. When they found nothing wrong, they decided to take 2-year-old Sharia to a specialist at an early detection center in 2009.
"Within five minutes of looking at Sharia, (the specialist) said that she has autism," said Sharia's father, Fawad Siddiqui. "A very clear case of it."
Siddiqui, 38, and his wife, Ayza Sheikh, were under the impression that Sharia was simply a late talker. Originally from Pakistan, the Siddiquis had no relatives to advise them on their first child.
Speech, occupational and behavior therapies helped some. But Sharia still struggled with communication.
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Then, in 2010, Apple's iPad was released.
Siddiqui, a Columbia, Maryland, resident
who shared his daughter's story on iReport, said that before having the iPad, Sharia's only way of communicating was crying. She was non-verbal and had no way of expressing what she wanted or how she was feeling.
Apple's touchscreen gadget wasn't the first tablet computer and isn't the only one now. But it quickly emerged as the overwhelming market leader, introducing millions of people worldwide to the concept of a computer that dwells somewhere between a smartphone and a laptop and offers a large screen full of images and icons with which the user can interact with a single touch.
"What the iPad has done has given her a sense of control that she never had before," Siddiqui said. "She knows when you touch it, something is supposed to happen. She knows she doesn't need to cry, she needs to point."
At first, Sharia enjoyed watching movies and playing games. However, through therapy and at home, she was introduced to apps such as Proloquo2Go, First Words, ABCs and Me and Puzzle Me, to name a handful. She soon learned to put together short sentences like "I want Dora" to express what she wanted.
A communications revolution
Proloquo2Go was Sharia's first app and the first real augmented communication app, released first for iPhones in 2009.
AAC, or augmentative and alternative communication, is a series of interventions used to help children with severe communication disorders communicate. Many apps are designed based on this method of therapy.
David Niemeijer, founder and CEO of Amsterdam-based AssistiveWare, creator of Proloquo2Go, said that 90% of AAC users use an iPad for communication, and more than 25% use an iPhone or iPod Touch, according to the company's surveys. About half of them reported improved speech abilities.
A search for "autism apps" for the iPad in Apple's App Store brings 764 hits. About 142 were released this year.
Similarly, dozens of
assistance and education autism apps have sprung up on tablets and other devices running Google's Android operating system.
The accessibility of online stores as a platform for apps has opened a new avenue for parents. Those with the know-how are able to create apps based on their child's specific needs.
Tricia Estrada of San Diego has developed apps for her son, Evan. The app and website Wonkido has a series of animations, each about four to five minutes in length, depicting various social skills such as "asking to play" and "going potty." By watching, kids acquire a database of episodes to draw from for future social situations, she said.
Estrada said the most appealing facet of the iPad is its mobility. Before, when Evan needed to learn a new concept in the middle of soccer practice or while at a restaurant, she had no way of showing him until the therapist gave him a card or bought a DVD weeks later. With the iPad or iPhone, it's immediate.
"I think (the iPad) is revolutionizing the augmentative communication field," said Dr. Oliver Wendt, assistant professor of speech, language and hearing sciences at Purdue University. "It's a very cost-effective system. Before, we had these expensive, bulky items, which now can be replaced with an iPad."
The equipment that was used previously could cost $9,000 to $15,000.
iPads are now available for as little as $399. A majority of the apps on the iPad are paid apps that cost 99 cents to $299.99. Some of these prices may seem rather expensive for regular iPad users, but autism communities are thrilled.
iReport: Steve Jobs helped my autistic son speak
Wendt, who specializes in technological aspects of AAC solutions, collaborated with Purdue student group Engineering Projects in Community Service to develop a free app called SPEAKall! based on a widespread autism intervention known as Picture Exchange Communication System.
Traditionally, in a low-technology approach, children would hand laminated picture cards to their therapist or caretaker in order tell them what they want.
The app has two visible parts on the screen: a top row and a bottom row. The top has pictures and symbols, and the bottom is a storyboarding strip where kids can drag and drop the pictures to create sentences. These pictures can include objects, feelings or anything relevant to the child.
"It is very important to put symbols on that are truly reinforcing for the child, symbols that match something the child really wants," Wendt said. The app allows parents to take pictures on the spot and add them to the existing bank of symbols.
The child is then able to create sentences using the images, such as "I want apple" or "I feel sad." At the end, they can push the "Speak All" icon to hear the sentence.
Removing "extra baggage"
Martha Herbert, a pediatric neurologist and neuroscientist at Massachusetts General Hospital of Harvard Medical School in Boston, said the iPad allows individuals to bypass many difficulties they have in communicating.
Herbert explains that apraxia or dyspraxia is what makes communication difficult. Apraxia means that although your brain can develop an intention of doing something, it is physically difficult to do it. You may want to speak but can't move your lips.
"These apps allow you to do a shortcut around the neuromotor problems getting in the way of communication," Herbert said.
Communication is not just limited to speech. In order to understand and respond to an individual, you have to be able to decode their body language, facial expressions and lip movement as well. Using the iPad takes away this "extra baggage," Herbert said.
"I think it's opening a whole interesting way to be creative about giving people assistance," she said. "You can measure somebody's stress level and somebody can feed it back into their app and tell you if they're about to fall apart or have a meltdown."
Khengwah Koh is managing partner with Hearty SPIN, a new startup in Singapore that also recently released an app for low-functioning individuals with autism called Picture AAC.
The app is available in English as well as Mandarin and is used in more than 15 countries.
While Koh thinks his app and the iPad are great tools for these individuals, he thinks they should be used only as a supplement to other kinds of learning and therapy.
"For a child, it shouldn't be just given to them as a babysitting tool," Koh said. "When the app is introduced to the child, first train them how to use (it). ... It's not a game. It's something to be introduced in a systematic way."
Phoebe Tucker, a speech language pathologist in Bridgeport, Connecticut, has developed a center for autism called the Montano Assistive Technology Center, a division of United Cerebral Palsy, to integrate various forms of technology for therapy.
The center uses iPads along with other therapies.
Although Apple did not create the iPad with the intention of helping children with autism, the company does try to build in features for people with disabilities.
"Steve Jobs did not realize he was giving a voice to the voiceless," Tucker said.
That voice is exactly what Siddiqui feels has been given to Sharia. She is now able to speak in broken sentences and is aware of the world around her. Her family sees small triumphs every day.
For the first time in three years, the Siddiquis are thinking of taking Sharia to Pakistan to see their extended family. Sharia was diagnosed shortly after their first visit, and the family there only recently came to know of her diagnosis after watching Siddiqui's iReport video of Sharia.
The trip depends on whether therapists say Sharia is ready for such a change in environment. But Siddiqui is confident and looking forward to the trip.
"I often tell my wife I think of it as Sharia before the iPad and Sharia after the iPad," Siddiqui said. "It was that significant."
【明報專訊】5歲兒子一出門就不想回家，每次上街或去公園後，總是說要上廁所、肚子痛、要買上課用品……我們軟硬兼施和講道理都沒用，經常要使用武力強迫他回家。我看見其他小朋友都沒這般糟糕，但他在家是很安靜的，他是否不正常，如患過度活躍症等？
